You will see the smallest Kremlin and the place where the traveling monks stayed in the XVII century, you will learn that the hoe is not only made of iron and stone, but also of mammoth tusks, you will feel like a nobleman and a worker, having lunch in the historic cookery - and this is only a small part of the experience that you have to experience on this trip ...
It will be a journey from the depths of time! We will start in the XVI century, where we will meet the Tatars and the fortress they never managed to take. Then we will find ourselves in the XVII century, we will see where the traveling monks stayed at that time. Then we will move to the XVIII century, which flows to the XIX century, together with three architects who built one bell tower. It is amazing that the bell tower turned out to be so harmonious and integral, as if it was built by one person. The XIX century will come into full force; we will get to know two of its brightest figures: Nobel Prize winner academician Ivan Pavlov and poet Sergey Esenin. We will find out what the famous poet was praised for after graduating from school and why it was necessary to torture frogs for the benefit of science. And finally, gradually returning to modern times, at the turn of XX and XXI centuries we will meet the hero who saved the whole city from starvation.
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Zaraisky Kremlin is the smallest (its area is 2.3 hectares) and the most impregnable of all the Kremlins (the enemies have never managed to take it by storm), and this Kremlin is the only one entirely preserved in the Moscow region. The Kremlin was built by order of Vasily III in 1528-1531 to repel Tatar raids near the place where the Monastyrka River flows into the Osyotr. The Kremlin has several towers. The tallest tower - Karaulnaya - is situated on the most vulnerable north-west side. The northeast tower was a repository of the tsar's "green coffers" - weapons and gunpowder. The south-east tower was called "Naugolnaya, that by the tavern" because of the pub opposite, while the south-west tower was called "Naugolnaya, that by the hiding place", as its name was associated with a secret passage discovered during the renovation of 1958. The passing towers of the Kremlin - Egoryevskaya, Spasskaya and Nikolskaya - were named after the churches standing nearby. Now in the Kremlin there are St. Nicholas Cathedral (the oldest cathedral in Zaraisk, it was built in 1681), the St. John the Baptist Cathedral (built in 1904) and building of the former Zaraisk religious school (now houses the museum "Zaraisk Kremlin"). The museum's collection consists of paintings, sculptures, graphics, of applied and decorative art of Russia (there are pieces by I. Repin, L. Bakst), Western Europe, Japan, China and archaeological finds from the archaeological site "Zaraisk Upper Paleolithic Site". The most interesting archaeological finds are a necklace made of Arctic fox teeth, a hoe made of mammoth tusk and large bones with a cruciform ornament on them.
Start your tour of Ryazan with its most ancient center - the Kremlin. It is located on a high hill at the confluence of two rivers - Trubezh and Lybedi - and was founded in 1095. Walls and towers of the Kremlin have not survived to this day: they were made of wood and were dismantled by order of Catherine II in connection with the building up of the city. In total there were 12 towers in the Kremlin, 4 of them are travel towers with gates, facing 4 directions of the world, and 4 main tracts. One of the towers - Tainitskaya - had a secret underground passage, which was sealed only in the late XIX century, another - Glebovskaya - was ceremonial and white stone. Gradually a city Ostrog was formed around the Kremlin - a fortified urban area. Ostrog contained about 20 towers, also made of wood. On the territory of the Kremlin there are a lot of buildings. In the palace of Oleg, the singing building, hotel Czerny and Consistory building now are 6 expositions of the museum. The content and operating hours of the expositions can be found on the website [of the museum](http://ryazankreml.ru/visitors/101/ ). As a historical monument, the Czerny hotel is especially interesting - it is a hotel-type house for passing Czerny monks, now it is the only extant in Russia stone building of this type in the late XVII century.
The main monument of the Kremlin is the Cathedral of the Assumption, which we see in the first photo, it was built in the XVII century by the largest Russian architect Ya. G. Bukhvostov. This cathedral (1600 sq. m. area and 72 m. height) is larger than almost all modern buildings. It is unusually beautiful and has no analogues to the white stone carving of the cathedral portals and casings. Next to the cathedral is a bell tower, built in 1789 - 1840 on the designs of three different architects: I. F. Russko, K. A. Ton and N. I. Voronikhin. It is interesting that despite the fact that the bell tower was built according to the designs of three different architects - it is fully consistent with a single classic style.
The Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ - the very first stone construction of the Kremlin - was built back in the XV century. The cathedral is the burial vault of Ryazan princes, princesses and most prominent church figures.
The Archangel Cathedral is a monument of Old Russian architecture of the XV-XVII centuries, one of the oldest structures of the Ryazan Kremlin. It is a former princely house church and at the same time a tomb of Ryazan bishops.
After visiting the Kremlin, take a walk in the city park. At the entrance to the park you will be met by the Church of Ilya the Prophet. The church was built on Cathedral Square in Ryazan in 1699-1700 by architect Yakov Bukhvostov, the author of the Assumption Cathedral in the Ryazan Kremlin.
The very unusual name of the church comes from the name of the hill on which it stands. The church offers a beautiful panoramic view of the bay meadows. The first information about the wooden church dates back to 1626, and in 1686 the church was replaced by a stone church, which has been preserved to this day.
Museum-Estate of the first Russian Nobel Prize winner. I.P. Pavlov received the prize in 1904. In the museum you will see a memorial exhibition on the life of the Pavlov family, a charming garden, and learn more about Pavlov's role as a scientist and his works. Believe me, you will be surprised! What is worth the geography of his speeches alone... Please note that the museum is closed on Monday.
Walk to the place for lunch - Bread Square kitchen workshop. Kitchen workshops used to be called taverns, where they were fed cheaply and kindly. But the cookery shop is not just a cafe, it is a real live museum of Russian culinary culture of the first quarter of XX century. The right mood will be created by the wall collection of posters of those times, an interesting selection of colorful advertisements on a paper substrate under the plate and musical works reflecting the world of the era. The menu is divided into two parts: old-mode and proletarian... I think you've already guessed which dishes each part includes. Both parts are equally tasty and worth the attention, as is the cookery itself. Book a table [in advance](http://www.xn--80aabob9adoli4dyc0b9a.xn--p1ai/). Now after a lovely lunch, we're going to the car. But do not hurry to plunge into the hustle and bustle of the XXI century, because ahead of us is waiting for the museum-reserve S.A. Esenin, where the XX century still reigns.
The S.A. Esenin Museum-Reserve includes the estate of Sergei Esenin's parents, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, a chapel in honor of the Holy Spirit, the zemstvo school and estate of the last landowner of the village Konstantinov L.I. Kashina, the Spas Klepikov Second-Grade Teacher School in the Spas Klepikov department of the museum. The museum-reserve is unique in that it includes two manors - a peasant and a bar one and allows to trace the history of Russia at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. Please note that the ticket touches are open from 10:00 to 17:00, and museum exhibitions are open until 18:00.
Monument to Lukhovitsy cucumber, thanks to which the citizens of Lukhovitsy were able to earn and feed themselves in the hungry 90s of the XX century. Then the townspeople literally saved huge harvests of cucumbers, cucumbers went for sale in Moscow, and the inhabitants of the Russian capital appreciated the high quality of Lukhovitsy cucumbers.
If you get hungry and don't feel like cooking dinner at home, you can grab a bite to eat at a cafe, where you can also buy sweets to go.